Researcher(s)
- Vanessa Flaherty, Communication, University of Delaware
Faculty Mentor(s)
- Daniel Totzkay, Communication, University of Delaware
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer, mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun. Environmental factors, such as exposure to certain harmful chemicals, can also increase a person’s risk of developing skin cancer. However, confusing information about sunscreen’s ingredients, SPF, varied policies across countries, and other preventable measures to protect ourselves from UV make it difficult for consumers to understand how to reduce skin cancer risks. This research focuses on people’s relationship with sunscreen use to promote adequate protection from UV radiation. One key element is understanding the meaning of SPF (Sun Protection Factor), which measures protection against UVB rays, invisible, high-energy rays that damage the outer layers of skin and cause sunburn; broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 is recommended as the most effective. Other considerations include the two main types of sunscreen: mineral, which protects the skin by reflecting and absorbing UV radiation at the skin’s surface, and chemical, which absorbs UV radiation and converts it into heat before it damages the skin. Although chemical sunscreens are popular, some ingredients have raised concerns because they can be absorbed into the body. Accurately communicating information about sunscreen ingredients, SPF, and product safety remains challenging because scientific research is often difficult to understand, healthcare providers may use complex language, and social media algorithms show sunscreen related content, including product reviews, ingredient scanners, and health claims that may be inaccurate or misleading. Concerns about chemical ingredients, product branding, and affordability can also make it difficult for consumers to decide which sunscreens to trust. Additionally, many people don’t think about skin cancer prevention unless they have a personal experience with the disease. Improving science communication by presenting evidence clearly is essential to helping consumers make informed decisions about sunscreen and reducing the risk of skin cancer.